Managing Canada's Resources and Industries: Unit Review

Wind: flow (used when it occurs, not used up). Natural gas: non-renewable (formed over millions of years, burned when used). Cod: renewable (fish reproduce), but can be depleted by overfishing.

Potash (about 31% of world output).

Sample: To what extent is clear-cutting in the boreal forest sustainable?

Its ancient igneous and metamorphic rock holds ore deposits, but glaciers left thin, rocky soil and the growing season is short in many areas.

The Interior Plains, because its sedimentary rock layers formed from ancient seas and swamps.

Any one: copper or other metals, coal, large forests, hydroelectricity, Pacific salmon.

About 7%.

More than half of Canada's river water drains north to the Arctic Ocean and Hudson Bay, but about 85% of Canadians live along the southern border.

Planning to protect the sources (lakes, rivers, aquifers) of municipal drinking water, after the Walkerton tragedy in 2000.

Underground mining with a shaft and tunnels.

Valuable, light resources (gold, diamonds) can pay for expensive transport from remote areas; cheap, heavy resources (gravel) must be extracted near where they are used.

Steam-assisted gravity drainage: steam is injected through an upper horizontal well so heated bitumen flows to a lower well and is pumped up.

Restoring parts of a mine site while the mine is still operating.

Nuclear (48.5%).

They need large amounts of cooling water.

Advantage: no fuel or emissions while running; can go on rooftops. Disadvantage: no output at night and less in winter, so it needs storage or backup.

Smelting needs huge amounts of electricity, and the region has abundant, low-cost hydroelectricity (plus port access for imported bauxite).

It makes a perishable product (and adds water to flour), so it is market-oriented: it should locate near its customers.

It stacks map layers (criteria) to find places that meet all of them.

75.9%.

Any two: share of GDP, jobs, exports, regional importance, links to other industries, strategic importance, growth.

A production system where materials and parts move between places (often across borders) several times before a product is finished, as in the auto industry.

The knowledge, skills, education, health and experience that make people productive.

Any two: Toronto-Waterloo, Montreal, Ottawa, Vancouver, Edmonton.

They create high-wage jobs, export services and ideas, improve productivity in other industries and help diversify the economy.

Sample: hydrographer; forester; outdoor guide.

Laser scanning from aircraft or drones measures tree heights and the ground surface to estimate wood volume and plan roads and harvests.

Analyzing spatial data, reading maps, problem-solving, considering perspectives or communicating clearly.

The Crown, with the land set aside for the use and benefit of the First Nation.

The Crown's legal duty to consult, and where appropriate accommodate, Indigenous peoples before decisions that may affect their rights (Haida Nation, 2004).

Sample: First Nations co-owning a project, such as the 24 First Nations that own 51% of Wataynikaneyap Power; or impact and benefit agreements with jobs and revenue sharing.

Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

It places the economy inside society inside the environment, showing that both depend on a healthy environment.

Any one: circular economy, industrial symbiosis, triple bottom line, IPCAs, Indigenous Guardians, Seventh Generation principle, Two-Eyed Seeing, ecosystem-based management, green building.

Announced in 1992; ended in 2024 with a limited commercial fishery.

Any one: forest or seafood certification (FSC, SFI, CSA, MSC), Towards Sustainable Mining, carbon capture and storage, water recycling.

Independent, measurable results over time, compared with the strategy's goals.

Provincial.

Any two: voting, contacting officials, joining consultations, petitions, choosing products, volunteering, speaking out.

They hold constitutionally protected Aboriginal and treaty rights, so governments have legal duties toward them.

Spatial significance, patterns and trends, interrelationships, geographic perspective.

Roads and mines could affect one of the world's largest peatland complexes, a huge carbon store, and its rivers and wildlife.

Find and check the original source; do not use or cite it if you cannot verify it.

Extraction, production, distribution, consumption, disposal.

Lithium, cobalt, nickel or graphite.

They keep the product working and avoid the energy and new materials needed to make a replacement; recycling recovers only part of the materials and uses energy.