Writing with Purpose: Research, Essays, Media and Publishing: Unit Review

Form: short story (or audio drama). Genre: mystery. Medium: audio.

Example: I chose a formal email because my audience is a teacher who expects a respectful, complete request, and an email gives a written record; a text message would be too casual and isn't how students contact teachers.

Any one: what they already know, what they value (cost, safety, residents' wishes), what they need (evidence, a plan), how they'll receive the text (a meeting, a printed package).

Example: Should our school add girls' hockey as a varsity team? Any narrow, answerable question is correct.

Freewriting, circling the best sentence, then freewriting again starting from it.

Example: Many of the 30 students I surveyed play video games at least once a week. (specific, limited, sourced)

Example: "snow tires" site:.ca (or "winter tires" OR "snow tires" site:.ca).

Currency, quality, bias, accuracy.

Primary.

Yes: same structure with one word swapped. Better to quote a very short, plain sentence like this or rewrite it fully: A layer of snow keeps the ground beneath it from getting as cold (cited).

When you need only the main idea of a long passage or source.

Example: While A argues..., B shows... or However, C complicates this by...

**Haddad, Omar. Winter Roads. Northern Lights Press, 2020.**

("Ice Safety Basics")

Yes. You must give credit to the creator (BY).

Any two: patchwriting, uncited ideas or data, submitting others' work, reusing your own old work without permission, unauthorized AI use, fabricating sources.

Compare and contrast (block or point-by-point).

Example: Our town should add apartment buildings to its green bin program, because they produce a large share of food waste and have no composting option.

Example: The formal outline helped me see that my second and third points overlapped, so I merged them; next time I'll outline before I research further.

Nana hands over the snowshoes.

Point, Evidence, Explain, Link.

Example: The narrator's first steps feel "like walking in two canoes," a simile that shows how awkward the old snowshoes seem at first.

Ad hominem (attacks the person, not the argument).

Ethos: credibility/trust; pathos: emotion and values; logos: logic and evidence.

Example: It is true that..., however... or While this concern is reasonable,...

Example: The new arena has two ice pads and seating for 800 people (invented details), facts instead of judgments.

A line graph.

48 − 40 = 8 fewer.

"Are you coming?" asked Leo.

Summary.

Example: She stuffed her hands deep in her pockets and stamped her boots on the frozen sidewalk.

A wide (establishing) shot.

Any two: captions, alt text, high contrast, readable fonts, transcripts.

It saves time, makes sure each shot has a purpose, and shows how sound and visuals fit together before filming.

Excited, joyful (celebratory).

Implicit (so-called suggests disapproval without stating it).

Any two: word choice (connotation), selection of sources, omission of voices, framing.

Revision (Substitute in ARMS).

An outline made from the draft, noting what each paragraph actually does.

Consider it, look for the real problem it points to, and decide (use, adapt or don't use), recording why.

Example: The team lost, but they still celebrated. (or a period or semicolon)

effect (noun).

The rinks are open. (plural, no apostrophe)

Proximity.

Examples: published replies, a councillor's response, people mentioning it, the issue added to a meeting agenda.

Example: In my next essay, I will write a counterargument paragraph and check it with a peer before the final draft.