Interactions of Indigenous Peoples and Europeans prior to 1713: Unit Review

Any three, such as Mi'kmaq, Innu, Wendat, Haudenosaunee, Algonquin, Wolastoqiyik, Cree, Inuit.

Corn (and fishing nets), in exchange for furs, dried fish and meat.

To record agreements, laws and history.

Example: the Wendat farmed and lived in longhouse villages; Inuit hunted seals, whales and caribou in the Arctic.

Any three: route to Asia, fish, gold, beaver fur, claiming land, spreading Christianity.

Champlain, in 1608.

Primary: made at the time by people who were there.

Felt hats.

Any two: knowledge of beavers and routes, canoes, snowshoes, food, guides, interpreters.

They gathered furs from other nations and traded them to the French.

The governor.

Justice, money, trade, roads and the colony's growth.

So every farm could reach the river, the main road.

New France: officials gave orders for the king. Haudenosaunee: councils used consensus.

People had no immunity to these new diseases.

More than half (from about 20 000 to 25 000 down to about 9 000).

Learning to use canoes, snowshoes, growing corn, medicines, or fur profits.

Haudenosaunee attacks forced them to scatter (dispersal).

Peace between the French and their allies and the Haudenosaunee; the Haudenosaunee would stay neutral; disputes would be settled by talking.

The Indigenous nations whose lands were traded.

The birth of a new people.

Any two: the fur trade, marriages and kinship, children who worked in the trade, communities at trading posts on water routes, shared customs over generations.

It is on the Ottawa River canoe route between Montréal and the upper Great Lakes.

Algonquian.

Many nations: land is shared, with responsibilities, not sold. French: land could be owned, granted and sold.

Most written sources were made by Europeans, so Indigenous perspectives may be left out.

Two peoples travelling side by side in peace and respect, without steering each other.

Any one: land claims, treaty rights, consultation, stewardship, language revitalization, Métis rights.

Ask questions, gather and organize, use maps, analyse, evaluate and conclude, communicate.