Communities in Canada, 1780–1850: Unit Review

70 years.

Ontario; Quebec.

Primary. The writer was there at the time.

Any two: Mississauga, Ojibwe (Chippewa), Odawa, Potawatomi, Algonquin.

They had been allies of Britain in the American Revolution and lost their homelands in what is now New York State.

Example: many Anishinaabe families moved with the seasons to fish, hunt and gather; Haudenosaunee women grew big fields of corn, beans and squash near villages that stayed in one place.

In the fur trade: European traders married First Nations women, and their families grew into a new nation with its own language (Michif), culture and communities.

Sault Ste. Marie or Penetanguishene (or communities around Lake Huron and Lake Superior).

A stone lamp burning seal oil. It gave light and heat and was used to cook and dry clothes in the cold, dark Arctic.

People who stayed loyal to Britain in the American Revolution and moved north after 1783.

So every farm touched the river.

Any two: long, crowded ship journey; clearing forests; cold winters; isolation; bad roads; sickness.

An enslaved Black woman in Upper Canada who resisted being taken across the river to be sold in 1793. Her story led to Upper Canada's law to limit slavery that same year.

A secret network of people and safe houses that helped freedom seekers escape slavery. It was not a real railroad.

Any one: the Dawn Settlement, the Elgin Settlement (Buxton), or communities at Amherstburg, Chatham, St. Catharines, Toronto, Oro.

Slavery was abolished in the British Empire (Emancipation Day).

Any two: drinking water; travel by boat or canoe; fish; power for mills.

Farmers came to grind grain into flour, so a store, blacksmith, church and school were built nearby and more families came.

Traders needed First Nations routes, guides and knowledge, and wanted to trade with them where they already travelled.

A work party where neighbours helped each other with a big job, like raising a barn.

Chore: carrying water, firewood, feeding animals, weeding, churning butter. Learning: watching, listening and helping, and from Elders' stories.

They farmed the fields, and Clan Mothers chose the chiefs.

Any two: cold winters (furnaces now), keeping food (fridges), sickness (hospitals, vaccines), sending news (phones), travel (cars, paved roads).

A cholera epidemic arrived on ships and killed many people.

Today, because we have phones and the internet. In 1800, letters went by boat or horse and could take weeks or months.

Settler towns: forests were cut down, rivers were dammed, and towns never moved.

A plan or rule made by the colony's government. Example: trying to make First Nations live in one place and farm like settlers; moving them to Manitoulin Island; schools that kept children away from their families.

Any one: petitions; Peter Jones meeting Queen Victoria in 1838; the Six Nations sharing land with the Mississaugas; keeping languages and ceremonies alive.

A canoe and a ship travelling side by side in peace and respect, without steering each other.

Many First Nations saw them as sharing the land and a lasting relationship. The Crown often wrote that the land was given up forever.

(a) Cooperation. (b) Conflict.

Any two: bilingualism (French and English); treaties; Indigenous place names like Canada and Ottawa; First Nations inventions (canoe, lacrosse); Black Canadian history and Emancipation Day; many cultures and faiths.

Ask, gather, organize, analyse, conclude, share.

Each source shows only one perspective. Checking helps you find other sources so you get a fuller, fairer picture.